Locally known as Cauit-cauitan. An erect sometimes bent at the base and at the nodes, tufted, flattened, branched grass, rooting at the nodes. Leaves; longer than wide, alternate, flattened, with or without soft bristles or hairs, keeled. Spikes densely arranged, green. Spikelets; in three's or six contained in a burr with bristles. Common in pasture lands, waste places, along roadsides, distributed throughout the Philippines; introduced from tropical America.
Centella asiatica (Hydrocotyl asiatica L)
Locally known as Takip Kohol. A prostrate, sparingly pubescent or nearly glaborous, stoloniferous plant, the stems rooting at the nodes. leaves; rounded , shallowly ascending round tooth, serrated, deeply lobe rounded, petioles; long and slender, peduncles in pairs or more with 3 incorporated sessile flowers, petals; purple, ovate. Distributed throughout the Philippines mostly in ricefields, introduced.
Chloris barbata
Locally known as Koros-korosan. A tufted, erect annual grass up to 1 meter high, some rooting at the lowermost nodes, leaves; up to 12 cm long, less than 3 cm wide, flat, linear lanceolate. coarse margin, armed with long bristles, inflorescence; with spikes digitately bundled, contained in a terminal flowering culm, up to 11 light purplish scattered "fingers" with protrudung small bristles. In roadsides and waste places, introduced, distributed throughout the Philippines and the rest of the tropics.
Cleome rutidosperma
Locally known as Apoy-apoyan; Balabalanoyan; Sili-silihan. Erect, often rank or spreading annual scented herbs, leaves; compound, in three's the central leaflet larger than the two, in a slender petiole, oblanceolate, both ends are tapered, distinct veins, flowers; solitary or racemose in the axils attached to slender stalk, sepals; 4, petals up to 4, ranging from lilac to pink, capsules; linear to oblong, pointed tip, multi-seeded. In open waste places throughout the Philippines, introduced. In all tropical countries.
Commelina benghalensis
Locally known as Alikbangon; Likbangon; Ulikbangon. A sprawling, prostrate or ascending, annual or perrenial, stems; succulent, roots protruding at the nodes. leaves; simple, acute, ovate to elliptic-ovate, wavy margin narrows as it reach the base into the tubular sheaths containing red-brown hairs, flowers; terminal, in loose clusters of 2-4 light blue flowers in a slender stalk originating from an unstalked bell shaped spathe, fruits; crumpled surface containing black seeds. In open waste places, common throughout the Philippines, in the tropics and the subtropics.
Corchorus olitorius
An erect, multi-branched, annual up to 1.5 meters high. leaves; ovate-lanceolate, margins toothed, with hair like protrudes, stem; smooth, light brown to orange to red tinged, tender, cylindrical, jointed nodes, flowers; axillary, solitary or paired, almost sessile, up to 8 mm in diameter, the petals; bright yellow, capsules; elongated, with ridges that are transversely running, cylindric, multi-ribbed, up to 3.5 cm long, with sharp tip, seeds; many, brown to dark brown, angular. In open, damp areas, distributed throughout the Philippines, a native of India.
Cynadon dactylon
Locally known as Kawad-kawad; Kotatai; Malit. Stems prostrate, thin, though, massively creeping, branched and rooting at the nodes, branches less than 20 cm high, with rhizomes deep to earth, leaves; linear lanceolate, spikes on the upper surface, margins coarsed, spreading, overlapping, green to sometimes tinged with purple, infloresence; terminal, with spikes that are digitately slender and elongated. Sessile spikelets, nearly overlapping, flattened, fruits; caryopsis. In lawns and roadsides oftenly in waste fields found throughout the Philippines and warm countries.
Cyperus difformis
A mat forming, perennial sometimes annual up to 40 cm, creeping, branching, terminally tri-angled, leaves; flat, shorter than the stems, longer than wide. inflorescence; umbellate, single ovoid spike, contracted or spreading, the rays up to 5 cm long, seldom sessile, some peduncled, spikelets; in massive numbers, dense in a globose, spikelets; up to 25 flowers. In open ricefields, distributed throughout the Philippines and the tropics.
Cyperus iria
An annual up to 70 cm high, smooth, hairless, leaves; variable in size ranges from 2 to 5 mm wide. inflorescence; number of divergent flowers arise from a common origin, rays; variable in size and numbers, spikes; loosely bound, spikelets; numerous, dense, yellow or brown, glume; up to 20, thoughly imbricated, up to 5-angles, oblong to obovoid.Distributed throughout the Philippines and the tropics, in wet open lands and the paddies.
Cyperus kyllingia
Locally known as Mutha. With many short dense branches arising from a common origin, up to 40 cm high, widely spreading, creeping rhizome, leaves; longer than wide 15 cm by 4 cm, lanceolate, stems; 3-angled, from a rootstock, inflorescence; dense solitary head of spikelets usually terminal, white with bracts widely spreading sometimes drooping. fruit; black, waxy, flat. Widely distributed in roadsides and wide open fields throughout the Philippines and the tropics.
Cyperus rotundus
A slender, erect, wiry rhizomatous, perennial up 40 cm high, leaves; linear, green to dark green, longer than wide, stem; triangular, tubular base is swollen, woody as it age, irregularly shaped tubers, from brown to black as it aged, inflourescence; terminal umbels with even leafy bracts not exceeding 4, spikelets; dense, with 3 to 8 towards the tip, up to 40 overlapping reddish brown florets, some are blunt at the tip.